Hauv kev lag luam automation tswj tshuab, txwv kev hloov pauv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov kho tshuab txav mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob, thiab nws muaj cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav txoj haujlwm, tswj kev mob stroke thiab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov teeb liab tso tawm ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov yooj yim ntawm kev sib piv nrog Programmable Logic Controllers. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, lub teeb liab tso zis hom, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, hardware kev twb kev txuas thiab logic programming ntawm txwv switches yog soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv kom meej, uas muab kev siv rau industrial tswj system tsim.
Hom teeb liab tso zis rau txwv - txoj hauj lwm hloov
Lub teeb liab tso zis ntawm kev txwv hloov pauv tau muab faib ua ob hom tseem ceeb: kev tiv tauj hom thiab tsis yog - hom hu. Contactless kuj suav nrog ntau txoj hauv kev xws li inductive, capacitive, photoelectric, magnetic, thiab ultrasonic txoj kev. Ntau hom kev txwv kev hloov pauv pom pom qhov sib txawv hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb liab, daim ntawv thov scenarios thiab cov kev sib txuam nrog theem - xauv lub nplhaib.
1. Hu rau Limit Switches
Tiv tauj txwv keyboards paub cov teeb liab tso zis los ntawm kev qhib thiab kaw cov neeg kho tshuab kev sib cuag. Lawv cov qauv tseem ceeb muaj xws li kev khiav hauj lwm mechanism, ib qho kev sib cuag thiab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav pib dua. Thaum cov khoom txav txav tuaj rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm, qhov kev sib txuas lus hloov nws lub xeev thiab tsim hluav taws xob teeb liab. Raws li kev sib cuag hauv lub xeev, kev sib txuas lus txwv tau muab faib ua qhov qhib (NO) thiab ib txwm kaw (NC) hom:
- Ib txwm Qhib (NO): Nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawd, kev sib cuag tau qhib thiab tsis muaj teeb liab tawm. Thaum tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav mus los, qhov kev sib cuag kaw, xa tawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob.
- Li qub kaw (NC): Kev sib cuag raug kaw los ntawm lub neej ntawd, nrog cov zis tas li. Thaum tshwm sim los ntawm kev txav mus los, kev sib cuag qhib, cuam tshuam lub teeb liab.
- Tiv tauj txwv keyboards muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv yooj yim, tus nqi qis thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv - jamming muaj peev xwm. Nws yog dav siv hauv tshuab cuab yeej, elevators thiab conveyor kab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov neeg kho tshuab kev sib cuag yog feem ntau hnav thiab tsim kua muag, lawv lub neej kev pab cuam cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv ntau zaus, thiab lawv cov lus teb qeeb qeeb (feem ntau hauv milliseconds).
2.Tsis yog - Hu rau Limit Switches
Cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam pom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev (xws li inductance, capacitance, lub teeb siv los yog lub zog sib nqus) ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab lub sensor kom ua tiav cov teeb liab tawm yam tsis muaj kev sib cuag. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov lus teb ceev, kev pab lub neej ntev thiab kev ntseeg siab. Raws li nws cov qauv kev tshawb nrhiav, cov kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom hauv qab no:
(1) Inductive Limit Switches
Inductive limit switches pom cov khoom siv hlau siv cov txheej txheem electromagnetic induction. Thaum lub hom phiaj hlau nkag mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas, qhov amplitude ntawm lub oscillating Circuit Court txo qis, ua rau cov teeb liab tso tawm. Lawv cov teeb liab tso zis feem ntau yog hloov teeb liab (siab / qis) uas tuaj yeem txuas ncaj qha mus rau PLC digital input module. Inductive limit switches yog tsim rau cov txheej txheem kev tshawb nrhiav hlau xws li cov cuab yeej nrhiav pom thiab cov khoom hlau txheeb hauv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab.
(2) Capacitive Limit Switches
Lub capacitance ntawm cov zis teeb liab ntawm lub hom phiaj khoom thiab lub sensor electrode yog kuaj pom los ntawm kev hloov pauv capacitance. Thaum lub hom phiaj tsis yog -hlau, xws li yas, kua lossis cov khoom me me, nkag mus rau qhov kev kuaj pom, tus nqi capacitance hloov pauv, ua rau lub teeb liab tawm. Lawv cov teeb liab tso tawm kuj yog ib qho kev sib pauv teeb liab, tab sis lawv qhov kev tshawb pom qhov deb yog luv dua li ntawm hom inductive, thiab lawv cuam tshuam ntau dua los ntawm ambient humidity thiab kub. Capacitive limit switches feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom thiab ntim tshuab qhov chaw.
(3) Photoelectric Limit Switches
Photoelectric txwv keyboards pom lub hom phiaj khoom los ntawm cov nyhuv photoelectric. Nyob ntawm seb lawv qhov ntau npaum li cas, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov transmitters, reflectors thiab diffuse reflectors:
Lub teeb kis tau tus mob: transmitters thiab receivers raug ntsia sib cais. Thaum ib lub hom phiaj thaiv txoj kev ntawm lub teeb, nws ua rau lub teeb liab. Lawv qhov deb deb deb (txog li ob peb lub kaum os) ua rau lawv haum rau qhov chaw nyob deb.
Reflection: Lub transmitter thiab receiver yog kev koom ua ke hauv ib chav tsev. Lub reflector yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau lub teeb liab uas tshwm sim thaum lub hom phiaj khoom pom lub teeb rov qab rau lub receiver. Lawv qhov kev kuaj pom deb yog nruab nrab.
Diffuse Reflective: Lub transmitter thiab receiver kuj tau muab tso rau hauv ib chav tsev. Lub teeb liab yog tshwm sim thaum lub teeb yog diffused los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj khoom mus rau lub receiver yam tsis xav tau ib tug reflector. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov kev kuaj pom qhov deb yog luv luv (feem ntau tsawg dua 1 meter), ua rau lawv haum rau qhov chaw ze.
Photovoltaic txwv - txoj hauj lwm hloov tso zis hloov teeb liab teb ceev (microsecond ntau), dav siv nyob rau hauv automated ntau lawm kab, logistics sorting, neeg hlau positioning thiab lwm yam scenarios.
(4) Magnetic Limit Switches
Sib nqus txwv keyboards siv Hall effect lossis magnetoresistive effect los xyuas qhov kev hloov ntawm magnetic teb. Thaum cov khoom sib nqus, xws li cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov, nkag mus rau qhov kev tshawb pom, lub sensor tso tawm hluav taws xob teeb liab. Lawv cov teeb liab tso tawm yog ib qho ntawm -tawm teeb liab uas muaj zog jamming tsis kam, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau txoj hauj lwm nrhiav pom nyob rau hauv hnyav ib puag ncig (xws li roj thiab hmoov av), xws li hydraulic lub tog raj kheej txoj hauj lwm tawm tswv yim thiab valve qhib nrhiav kom tau.
(5) Ultrasonic Limit Switches
Ultrasonic txwv hloov ntsuas qhov deb los ntawm emitting ultrasonic tsis thiab ntes ncha lub sij hawm. Thaum lub hom phiaj khoom nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev teeb tsa, lub sensor outputs hluav taws xob teeb liab. Lawv cov teeb liab tso zis tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov teeb liab lossis analog teeb liab (qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov deb), haum rau qhov tsis sib cuag nrog qhov ntsuas qhov deb xws li cov khoom siv qhov siab nrhiav kom pom thiab kev zam ntawm neeg hlau.
Sib piv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txwv hloov pauv thiab Theem Xauv Loop
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov teeb liab sib kis tau zoo thiab raug tswj xyuas cov logic logic, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum sib txuas cov khoom siv sib txuas thiab cov logic programming kom haum rau qhov txwv - txoj hauj lwm hloov nrog theem - xauv lub voj.
1. Kho vajtse txuas
(1) Kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm kev txwv hloov pauv yuav tsum sib npaug ntawm qib voltage ntawm PLC input module. Common PLC input modules txhawb DC24V lossis AC220V cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum txwv - txoj haujlwm hloov feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm DC12V, DC24V lossis AC220V. Yog tias qhov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, koj tuaj yeem siv lub zog hloov pauv hloov pauv (xws li DC - DC converter) lossis relay los kho.
(2) Hom Lub Teeb Pom Kev Zoo
Lub teeb liab tso zis hom (NPN lossis PNP) ntawm qhov txwv hloov pauv yuav tsum sib haum rau lub teeb liab txais hom ntawm PLC input module:
- NPN Limit Switches: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg (COM) thiab qhov kawg (GND) ntawm PLC input module, thiab cov kab teeb liab txuas nrog PLC input point. Thaum tshwm sim, cov kab teeb liab raug xa mus rau hauv av thiab PLC input point pom qhov qis - theem teeb liab.
- PNP Limit Switches: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg (COM) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo (VCC) ntawm PLC input module, thiab cov kab teeb liab txuas nrog PLC input point. Thaum tshwm sim, cov kab teeb liab txuas nrog lub zog zoo, thiab PLC input point pom cov teeb liab siab heev.
- Yog tias hom teeb liab ntawm kev txwv hloov tsis sib xws PLC, lub teeb liab hloov pauv hloov pauv (xws li NPN-PNP converters) lossis relay tuaj yeem siv rau kev hloov pauv.
(3) Kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev sib txuas
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv - cuam tshuam kev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub cev, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws thaum txuas cov kev txwv hloov mus rau theem- lub nplhaib xauv:
- Shielded Cable Siv: Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev sib kis mus ntev los yog cuam tshuam loj electromagnetic, shielded cable yuav tsum tau siv los txuas cov txwv hloov pauv thiab theem -locking rings, thiab shielding txheej yuav tsum tau grounded.
- Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob: muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ywj pheej rau kev txwv kev hloov pauv, zam kev sib koom lub zog hluav taws xob nrog PLC tso zis module lossis lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, txo cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv rau lub teeb liab cuam tshuam.
- Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: Rau kev tiv thaiv kev txwv kev hloov pauv, RC nqus hluav taws xob lossis diodes tuaj yeem txuas nrog tib lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib cuag los cuam tshuam cov arc uas tshwm sim thaum qhib kev sib cuag, txuas rau lub neej.
2. Logic Programming
(1) Input Point Configuration
Hauv PLC programming software, cov ntsiab lus nkag tau txuas nrog qhov txwv - txoj haujlwm hloov yuav tsum muaj hom teeb liab raug (siab lossis qis) thiab yuav tsum ua raws li txoj kev sib txuas kho vajtse. Piv txwv li, yog siv NPN txwv hloov pauv, PLC input point yuav tsum tau teeb tsa kom qis -kawg ua haujlwm.
(2) Tswj Logic Tsim
Kev tswj cov logic ntawm kev txwv cov keyboards yuav tsum tau tsim raws li kev thov tshwj xeeb scenarios. Common logic muaj xws li:
- Kev tswj kev mus ncig: ua rau lub cev muaj zog nres lossis thim rov qab siv qhov txwv - txoj haujlwm hloov kom pom qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom txav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib tug automated ntau lawm kab, thaum lub laub txav mus rau sab xis, txwv kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim, thiab PLC tso zis teeb liab thim rov qab lub cev muaj zog, ua rau lub laub txav mus rau sab laug.
- Kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb: siv cov kev txwv txwv kom pom qhov chaw txaus ntshai, ua rau muaj xwm txheej ceev. Hauv kev ua cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, piv txwv li, thaum lub tshuab txav mus rau nws qhov txwv, qhov kev txwv hloov tau tshwm sim thiab PLC txiav tawm lub cev tam sim ntawd kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv.
- Sequential Control: Cov kev sib txuas ua ke ntawm cov lus tsa suab yog pom tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau qhov txwv hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tswj me ntsis, kev sib xyaw ntawm thawj txoj haujlwm txwv kev hloov pauv, pub pib txwv hloov pauv thiab pub kawg txwv hloov pauv ua rau lub voj tsis siv neeg, pub ceev ceev, pub thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm qhov me ntsis.
(3) Fault Diagnosis thiab Kuaj.
Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub kaw lus, qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm kev txwv cov hloov pauv yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau hauv PLC qhov kev pab cuam, xws li:
- Kev kuaj pom tsis pom: siv lub sijhawm ntsuas seb qhov txwv - hloov lub teeb liab tsis tau hloov pauv hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg. Yog tias nws tawm ntawm lub sijhawm, nws ua rau lub tswb.
- Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Teeb Meem Teeb Meem: Tshawb xyuas seb cov teeb liab los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke txwv tsis pub hloov pauv, xws li rau pem hauv ntej thiab thim rov qab limiting keyboards, muaj nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias muaj, teeb lub tswb.
- Manual Reset Function: Tom qab muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, qhov teeb meem txhaum cai yuav tsum raug tshem tawm manually (piv txwv li, los ntawm nias lub pob pib dua) thiaj li yuav rov ua haujlwm zoo li qub.
Daim ntawv thov Case Analysis
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no, txoj kev sib piv ntawm kev txwv kev hloov pauv thiab PLC tau qhia meej los ntawm kev noj cov kev tswj hwm ntawm trolley hauv cov kab ntau lawm tsis siv neeg ua piv txwv:
1. Cov Txheej Txheem Txheej Txheem
- Tsiv Cheebtsam: Lub laub uas txav mus rau sab laug thiab sab xis raws txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.
- Tsav: Lub cev muaj zog uas tsav lub tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm lub gearbox.
- Limit hloov: Ib qho kev hloov pauv sab laug (NC hom) thiab txoj cai txwv kev hloov pauv (NO hom) yog siv los txheeb xyuas txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis, raws li txoj cai.
- PLC: Lub hom phiaj ntawm universal PLC, nrog kev txhawb nqa rau DC24V fais fab mov thiab PNP teeb liab hom.
2. Kho vajtse txuas
- Power Supply Matching: txwv keyboards ua haujlwm hauv DC24V thiab phim qhov voltage ntawm PLC input modules, yog li tsis tas yuav hloov pauv.
- Hom Teeb Pom Kev Sib Tw: Qhov kev txwv qhov tseeb yog TSIS MUAJ hom, uas yuav tsum tau siv cov relays hloov mus rau PNP teeb liab. Tshwj xeeb, qhov tso zis davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm kev txwv kev hloov pauv yog txuas nrog lub relay coil, thiab qhov qub qhib qhov kawg ntawm lub relay txuas nrog lub davhlau ya nyob twg (VCC) ntawm PLC input module thiab lwm qhov kawg rau PLC input point. Qhov kev hloov pauv sab laug yog hom NC thiab txuas ncaj qha mus rau lub davhlau ya nyob twg (VCC) thiab cov ntsiab lus nkag ntawm PLC cov tswv yim module (yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ua haujlwm qis kawg hauv PLC program).
- Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho: siv cov shielded cables kev twb kev txuas txwv keyboards thiab PLC, shielding txheej grounding. Ib qho kev ywj pheej DC24V fais fab mov yog muab rau kev txwv kev hloov pauv kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob sib koom nrog PLC tso zis modules.
3. Logic Programming
Input Point Configuration: Nyob rau hauv PLC programming software, lub input point configuration rau txoj cai txwv hloov yog siab thiab input point configuration mus rau sab laug txwv hloov yog tsawg.
Tswj Logic Design:
- Pib tswj: Nias lub khawm pib thiab PLC tso tawm lub teeb liab uas tig lub cav mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab txav lub tsheb mus rau sab xis.
- Txoj Cai Limit Detection: Thaum lub laub txav mus rau sab xis, txoj cai txwv kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim, relays raug kaw, thiab PLC cov ntsiab lus tawm tswv yim pom cov teeb liab siab heev. PLC tom qab ntawd tso tawm lub teeb liab rov qab lub cev muaj zog thiab txav lub trolley mus rau sab laug.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv Sab Nraud: Thaum lub trolley txav mus rau sab laug, qhov kev txwv sab laug tau tshwm sim thiab pom cov teeb liab qis ntawm PLC qhov taw qhia. PLC tom qab ntawd tso tawm lub teeb liab uas tig lub cev mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab txav lub laub mus rau sab xis.
- STOP CONTROL: Los ntawm nias lub khawm nres, PLC txiav tawm lub cev muaj zog thiab nres lub trolley cov lus tsa suab.
Fault Diagnosis thiab Kuaj:
- Kev Tshawb Pom Tsis Pom Zoo: Siv lub sijhawm ntsuas xyuas seb qhov kev txwv qhov tseeb hloov teeb liab tsis hloov hauv 10 vib nas this. Yog tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tshwm sim, lub tswb "txoj cai txwv tsis raug" tshwm sim.
- Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Teeb Meem Teeb Meem: Tshawb xyuas seb cov teeb liab los ntawm sab laug - txoj cai txwv hloov pauv tau ua haujlwm tib lub sijhawm. Yog tias muaj, ua rau lub tswb "tso kev sib cav".
Manual Reset Function: tom qab qhov ua tsis tiav, nias lub pob pib dua kom tshem tawm qhov teeb meem txhaum cai, rov ua haujlwm li qub.
INTRODUCTION Cov ntsiab lus:
Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam automation tswj systems, qhov txwv - txoj hauj lwm hloov muab ntau hom teeb liab tso tawm thiab hloov tau yooj yim rau kev tsim qauv. Los ntawm kev sib piv cov teeb liab hom, muab qhov voltages thiab thaiv txoj kev txwv ntawm cov keyboards, thiab sib txuas nrog PLC logic programming, high efficiency thiab txhim khu kev qha txoj hauj lwm nrhiav kom tau thiab tswj kev txav yuav ua tiav. Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov kev txwv hloov tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem logic yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm Kev Lag Luam 4.0 thiab Is Taws Nem ntawm Yam (IoT), kev txwv kev hloov pauv hloov mus rau kev txawj ntse, kev sib txuas lus, thiab yuav sib koom ua ke nrog cov khoom siv xws li PLC, sensors, thiab actuators yav tom ntej, coj ntau qhov muaj peev xwm rau kev lag luam automation tswj.
